西尼罗河病毒
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为何检测？
为了测定夏季发生的病毒性脑膜炎或脑炎的原因；为了检测西尼罗河病毒（WNV）的存在和追跟踪其在社区和各州（美国）中的传播。
何时检测？
当病人出现WNV症状如头痛、发热、颈强直、肌无力，并且诊断为脑炎或脑膜炎时；也用于每一份捐赠的血液中WNV的筛查。
何种样本？
腰椎穿刺取脑脊液和/或手臂静脉采血的样本。
是否需要作试验前准备？
不需要。
检测样本
检测什么？
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种传染病，主要是通过蚊子传播给人类。它通常不在人之间传播，但是曾发生过通过献血、器官移植传染给别人的病例，母亲经母乳传染给孩子较为罕见。大约80%受WNV感染的人不表现症状。在其他20%中，表现为流行性感冒样症状如头痛、发热、肌无力和/或背部、胸部出现皮疹。这些症状通常在无治疗情况下经过几天或几周消失。只有1/150受WNV感染的人病情严重，中枢神经系统受到影响。这些病人常常有严重的症状如意识错乱、惊厥、高热、颈强直、头痛或昏迷。他们可能患上了脑炎、脑膜炎或肌肉麻痹。这几种形式的WNV感染更常见于中老年人和免疫功能低下的人。大多数的症状会在几个星期内消除，而某些神经损伤和麻痹可能会持续一段时间或演变成永久性损伤。
测试样本如何采集？
腰椎穿刺取脑脊液和/或手臂静脉采血的样本。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量？
不需要。
试验
常见问题
询问检验医学专家
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参考文献
注意：本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中，并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
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