HIV 病毒载量
快速浏览
为何检测?
用于监测HIV病情,与其他检测结果、病理生理进展等共同指导治疗方案。
何时检测?
HIV患者开始治疗或更换治疗方案后每隔2至8周进行检测;进行长期监测则每隔3至4周;按医生推荐的频率进行检测。
何种样本?
手臂处采集的静脉血。
是否需要作试验前准备?
不需要。
检测样本
检测什么?
此项目检测血液中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)RNA(核苷酸)的载量。该病毒是导致获得免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)。感染HIV后,病毒将进行自我复制,并侵入淋巴结、脾脏和机体其他部分。感染早期疾病无特异体征或症状(类似感冒),尽管此时病毒已在体内大量复制。即使无任何临床症状时,病毒也仍然在复制、杀伤免疫细胞。最终免疫系统无力抵抗外界感染,或发生某些肿瘤。这一阶段机体易于感染微生物,如结核、真菌或卡波西氏肉瘤。
感染病毒3至8周后,机体开始产生HIV抗体,确诊后也可通过筛查HIV抗体进行随访。在感染后的几周内,抗体含量很低不易检出,称为“窗口期”,此时可选择HIV RNA(病毒载量)检测。由于此项检测技术要求较高,不如HIV抗体使用广泛,不常用于AIDS诊断。此外p24抗原检测也可用于HIV的早期检测。
感染HIV后,病毒在血液中不断进行复制,拷贝数不断增加。HIV病毒载量(HIV RNA)可让临床了解体内HIV病毒的数量及其复制的速度。与CD4计数联合检测,可辅助临床决定何时应开始干预治疗、是否病毒产生耐药性、是否需更改治疗方案。抗病毒治疗可降低血液中病毒载量,甚至低于检测下限,但却无法完全根除HIV病毒。
测试样本如何采集?
手臂处采集的静脉血。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量?
不需要。
试验
常见问题
询问检验医学专家
*请根据需要选择字段。
参考文献
注意:本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中,并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
Sources Used in Current Review
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (© 2007). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp. 535-538.
Clarke, W. and Dufour, D. R., Editors (2006). Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry, AACC Press, Washington, DC. Pp. 487-490.
Bennett, N. and Rose, F. (2008 October 22, Updated). HIV Disease. eMedicine [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.emedicine.com/med/TOPIC24.HTM through http://www.emedicine.com. Accessed on 10/26/08.
Mayo Clinic Staff (2008 August 9). MayoClinic HIV/AIDS. MayoClinic.com [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hiv-aids/DS00005 through http://www.mayoclinic.com. Accessed on 10/30/08.
(2005 November, Revised). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Introduction. Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch192/ch192a.html?qt=HIV&alt=sh through http://www.merck.com. Accessed on 10/30/08.
(2008 September, Reviewed). Human Immunodeficiency Virus – HIV. ARUP Consult [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/InfectiousDz/Viruses/HIV.html through http://www.arupconsult.com. Accessed on 10/30/08.
(2006 September 22). Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Health-Care Settings. CDC MMWR 55(RR14); 1-17 [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5514a1.htm through http://www.cdc.gov. Accessed on 11/1/08.
(2008 September, Updated) HIV and Plasma Viral Load Testing. Familydoctor.org [On-line information]. Available online at http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/sexinfections/hiv/654.html through http://familydoctor.org. Accessed on 11/1/08.
(Updated January 9,2009) AVERT.org. HIV testing. Available online at http://www.avert.org/testing.htm. Accessed February 2009.
Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER and Bruns DE, eds. 4th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders; 2006, Pp. 1567-1568.
(October 22, 2007) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. HIV/AIDS. Available online at http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/HIVAIDS/. Accessed February 2009.
Arup Laboratories. ArupConsult. Human Immunodeficiency Testing in Infants. PDF available for download at http://www.arupconsult.com/Algorithms/HIVInfants.pdf through http://www.arupconsult.com. Accessed February 2009.
Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. McPherson RA and Pincus MR, eds. Philadelphia: 2007, P. 989.
(Reviewed Oct 7, 2008) AIDS infonet.org. Fact sheet, Viral Load Tests. Available online at http://www.aidsinfonet.org/fact_sheets/view/125 through http://www.aidsinfonet.org. Accessed February 2009.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.
Janice K. Pinson MT, MBA. Molecular Business Strategies, Birmingham, MI.




















