汗液试验
快速浏览
为何检测？
诊断囊性纤维化（CF）。
何时检测？
当患者有症状提示囊性纤维化时，作为跟踪、确证试验辅助诊断CF。
何种样本？
经特定汗液刺激步骤收集汗液。
是否需要作试验前准备？
不需要。
检测样本
检测什么？
汗液试验检测汗液中钠和氯化物的含量。钠和氯是体内电解质平衡的一部分，以盐的形式存在于汗中，有助于调节组织体液的平衡。通常情况下，氯在细胞内外的转移，帮助保持电中性和水平衡。氯利用囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节因子（ CFTR ）蛋白作为一个通道，从细胞内排出并进入体液，同时抑制钠的吸收。因此常可通过钠的水平反映氯的水平。
除男性精子细胞和女性卵细胞（卵母细胞）外，人体每个细胞都含有23对、46条染色体。7号染色体上的的一个基因负责编码CFTR。囊性纤维化患者每条7号染色体上都有基因突变，造成CFTR蛋白功能失调或完全缺失。正常情况下胰腺上皮细胞、汗腺、唾液腺、肠、和生殖器官中CFTR含量最高，因此这些组织在囊性纤维化时受累最重。CFRT功能失调或缺失导致细胞不能透过氯电导，使得汗液中的氯和钠浓度升高。
最常用的两种汗水分析方法是：氯化物浓度和电导率测定。推荐汗液氯化物分析作为囊性纤维化的诊断试验，汗液电导率则可用于筛查囊性纤维化。
测试样本如何采集？
采用一种特殊的汗液刺激步骤采集汗液。在手臂或腿部的一小块皮肤上涂上少量汗液刺激液。在该区域放上一个电极，用弱电流刺激该区域。试验无痛，受试者可能有麻刺或温暖的感觉。几分钟后，清洁该区并收集汗水30分钟，可将汗水收集到塑料管或者纱布、滤纸上送检分析。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量？
不需要。但是在检测前的24小时内，您应当避免对皮肤使用面霜或乳液。
试验
常见问题
询问检验医学专家
*请根据需要选择字段。
参考文献
注意：本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中，并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
Sources Used in Current Review
(June 2008) American Lung Association. Cystic Fibrosis Factsheet. Available online at http://www.lungusa.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=2058829&content_id={2C5B0EF6-D044-4306-AF93-416DE1C89DE8}¬oc=1 through http://www.lungusa.org. Accessed January 2009.
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Testing for Cystic Fibrosis, The Sweat Test. Available online at http://www.cff.org/AboutCF/Testing/SweatTest/ through http://www.cff.org. Accessed January 2009.
(June 2006) Coffin, C. Nemours Foundation. Sweat Test. Available online at http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/sick/sweat_test.html through http://kidshealth.org. Accessed January 2009.
Pagana K, Pagana T. Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests. 3rd Edition, St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2006. Pp 707-709.
Cleveland Clinic. Cystic Fibrosis. Available online at http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/cystic_fibrosis/hic_cystic_fibrosis.aspx# through http://my.clevelandclinic.org. Accessed January 2009.
Denise I. Quigley, PhD, FACMG. Co-Director Cytogenetics/Molecular Genetics, Airport Way Regional Laboratory, Portland, OR.
Peter Jacky, PhD, FACMG. Director of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Airport Way Regional Laboratory, Portland, OR.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.
NIDDK (July 1997). Cystic Fibrosis Research Directions. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [NIH Publication No. 97-4200]. Available online at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/endo/pubs/cystic/cystic.htm through http://www.niddk.nih.gov.
CFF. Sweat Testing Procedure and Commonly Asked Questions. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.cff.org/publications01.htm through http://www.cff.org.
Tait, J., et. al. (26 March 2001). Cystic Fibrosis. GENEReviews [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.genetests.org/.
Mayo Clinic (2001, February 09). What is Cystic Fibrosis? Mayo Clinic [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?objectid=2CEBF76F-D36A-4D15-B937BFF91AB51438 through http://www.mayoclinic.com.
MEDLINEplus (2002, January 2, Updated). Cystic Fibrosis. MEDLINEplus Health Information [On-line Information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000107.htm.
MEDLINEplus (2002, January 2, Updated). Sweat Electrolytes. MEDLINEplus Health Information [On-line Information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003630.htm.
MEDLINEplus (2002, January 2, Updated). Trypsin and chymotrypsin in stool. MEDLINEplus Health Information [On-line Information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003594.htm.
Mountain States Genetics (1999, September, Revised). Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Newborn Screening Practitioner’s Manual [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mostgene.org/pract/prac26.htm through http://www.mostgene.org.
National Institutes of Health (1995, November). Facts About Cystic Fibrosis. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Publication No. 95-3650 [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/other/cf.htm through http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/other/cf.htm.
Quest Diagnostics NEWS (2002, Winter). What is the Best Test to Screen for Cystic Fibrosis? [On-line serial]. PDF available for download at http://www.questdiagnostics.com/hcp/files/02winter_newsletter.pdf through http://www.questdiagnostics.com.
MEDLINEplus (2002, January 2, Updated). Neonatal cystic fibrosis screening. MEDLINEplus Health Information [On-line Information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003409.htm.
Drkoop (2001). Cystic fibrosis. Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.drkoop.com/conditions/ency/article/000107.htm through http://www.drkoop.com.
MEDLINEplus (2002, January 2, Updated). Trypsinogen. MEDLINEplus Health Information [On-line Information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003560.htm.
Biomedical Hypertext (1999 May 20, last update). Exocrine Secretions of the Pancreas. Colorado State University [On-line information]. Available online at http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pancreas/exocrine.html through http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu.
UPCMD (1998 – 2002). Cystic Fibrosis. University Pathology Consortium, LLC [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.upcmd.com/dot/examples/00218/description.html through http://www.upcmd.com.
Sainato, D., (2002, March). Genetic Testing for CF Going Mainstream? Clinical Laboratory News, Volume 28.
Peter Jacky, PhD, FACMG. Director of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Airport Way Regional Laboratory, Portland, OR.
