莱姆病
快速浏览
为何检测?
为了查明您是否患有细菌感染而导致莱姆病。
何时检测?
如果您有了莱姆病的临床症状,尤其是您曾经在有大量鹿群生存的地方待过,或者曾经被蜱类的小虫叮咬过。
何种样本?
采集手臂静脉血。
是否需要作试验前准备?
不需要。
检测样本
检测什么?
莱姆病试验是检测血液中的伯氏疏螺旋体的抗体,或如果有中枢神经系统疾病的体征和症状,也可检测脑脊液(CSF)。这些抗体是机体免疫系统对接触了伯氏疏螺旋体而产生的应答产物,伯氏疏螺旋体是一种可引起莱姆病的细菌。被感染的鹿蜱或黑腿蜱通过叮咬将这种细菌传染给人类。这种疾病最常见于春季和夏季,且好发于蜱生活的地区,东北部和美国西部。
莱姆病感染引起的症状包括典型的从被咬部位开始扩散的“牛眼状”皮疹、发烧、寒战、头痛和疲劳。如果不及时治疗,莱姆病会进一步导致间歇性关节疼痛、脑膜炎、面瘫(贝尔氏麻痹)、虚弱和手脚麻木、记忆障碍、以及可能很少见的对心脏和眼睛的影响。
机体需要一段时间才开始产生伯氏疏螺旋体的抗体。伯氏疏螺旋体的IgM(免疫球蛋白M)抗体通常在暴露后的两至三周就可以在血液中被检测出来,其水平一直升高在大约第6周达到最高峰,然后开始下降。IgG(免疫球蛋白G)抗体在暴露数周后才能被检测出来,大约在第4至6个月达到最高峰,并可以在数年内维持一个较高的水平。
有两个试验通常用来检测和确诊莱姆病。美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)建议,首先用ELISA法或荧光检测法检测伯氏疏螺旋体的IgM抗体和/或IgG抗体。因为这些试验可能在由其他类似伯氏疏螺旋体的细菌引起的感染(如引起梅毒的细菌)的情况下也是阳性结果,所以美国疾病控制和预防中心再次建议,在出现任何阳性或不明确的测试结果后,应该有第二次检测,称为免疫印迹,以确定结果。
测试样本如何采集?
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量?
无需检测前准备。
试验
常见问题
询问检验医学专家
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参考文献
注意:本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中,并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
Sources Used in Current Review
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(May 1, 2008) Press Release: Agreement Ends Lyme Disease Investigation by Connecticut Attorney General. Available online at http://www.idsociety.org/Content.aspx?id=11182 through http://www.idsociety.org. Accessed June 2009.
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Forbes, B. et. al. (© 2007). Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, 12th Edition: Mosby Elsevier Press, St. Louis, MO. Pp 537-539.
(Modified 2009 January 27). Learn About Lyme Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/ through http://www.cdc.gov. Accessed March 2009.
(Reviewed 2008 October 7). Lyme Disease Diagnosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/ld_humandisease_diagnosis.htm through http://www.cdc.gov. Accessed March 2009.
Editorial staff (Updated 2008 May). Lyme Disease. Familydoctor.org [On-line information]. Available online at http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/infections/common/bacterial/257.printerview.html through http://familydoctor.org. Accessed March 2009.
(2007 June 27). Beware of Ticks … & Lyme Disease. U.S. Food and Drug Administration [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/lymedisease062707.html through http://www.fda.gov. Accessed March 2009.
(Reviewed 2008 October 8). Lyme Disease Treatment and Prognosis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/ld_humandisease_treatment.htm through http://www.cdc.gov. Accessed March 2009.
Mayo Clinic Staff (2008 May 2). Lyme disease. MayoClinic.com [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/lyme-disease/DS00116/METHOD=print&DSECTION=all through http://www.mayoclinic.com. Accessed March 2009.
(2008 July). Lyme Disease - The Facts The Challenge. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [On-line information]. PDF available for download at http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/lymeDisease/PDF/LymeDisease.pdf through http://www3.niaid.nih.gov. Accessed March 2009.
(© 2009). Lyme Disease: A Patient's Guide. American College of Physicians [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.acponline.org/clinical_information/resources/lyme_disease/patient/ through http://www.acponline.org. Accessed March 2009.
Edlow, J. (Updated 2008 December 12). Tick-Borne Diseases, Lyme. Emedicine [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/786767-overview through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed March 2009.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.





















