狼疮抗凝物

狼疮抗凝物是一种会增加动静脉血栓形成风险性的蛋白质。形成的血栓可以在体内任何部位阻塞血液流动，导致中风、心脏病发作、肺动脉栓塞、深静脉血栓（通常发生在腿部）和习惯性流产，特别是在怀孕中、后期的流产（认为与胎盘血管栓塞相关）。狼疮抗凝物是一种获得性的物质，经常在一些自身免疫性疾病患者中发现，如系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)，但也会出现在感染、HIV/AIDS、癌症以及服用某些诸如吩噻嗪、普鲁卡因和凡西达等药物的患者体内。目前认为约有1－2％的普通人群中存在这种抗体，但其形成的诱因还未知。

        狼疮抗凝物（LA）并不是狼疮疾病的诊断实验，之所以得名是源于其与SLE相关，它通常会引起部分凝血活酶时间（PTT）延长。PTT是一种血液凝固实验，当其时间延长时通常提示与血液不凝和出血有关，而不是血栓。狼疮抗凝物由于能与PTT试剂中的磷脂相结合，会导致PTT以及其它一些相关检测的结果延长。

        磷脂在体内血液凝固过程中发挥着关键的作用。最初被发现于血小板表面并协助几种凝血因子的活化。凝血因子是一组在血管和组织损伤后称为凝血瀑布学说的反应过程中被激活的蛋白质。狼疮抗凝物是三种最主要的与血栓形成有关的抗磷脂抗体中的一种，其余两种为抗心磷脂抗体和抗β－2糖蛋白I型抗体（不太常见），三者共同引起抗磷脂抗体综合症（也称为Hughes综合症）。一个人可能含有一种或多种磷脂抗体。每一种磷脂抗体都会干扰血凝过程，但其作用方式仍不十分清楚。一个或多个磷脂抗体都会增加血栓形成的危险。

        抗心磷脂抗体和抗β－2糖蛋白I型抗体可以直接检测，但还没有一个试验可以检测狼疮抗凝物。通常需要通过一组系列试验进行检测，其原理相同：狼疮抗凝物是一种非特异性抑制物，不针对某个特定的凝血因子，而是结合试验中的磷脂，抑制检测反应导致检测结果延长。

采集手臂静脉采血。

疾病: 高凝疾病, 系统性红斑狼疮

The National Alliance for Thrombosis and Thrombophilia (NATT): Learn about Thrombosis and Thrombophilia
APS Foundation of America

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