抗Xa因子肝素
快速浏览
为何检测?
用于监测低分子量肝素(LWMH)治疗,有时也用于监测普通肝素(UFH)治疗。
何时检测?
当使用低分子量肝素和普通肝素治疗,当您的医生想要监测血中肝素含量。
何种样本?
自肘静脉采集血液样本。
是否需要作试验前准备?
不需要
检测样本
检测什么?
抗Xa因子肝素是通过对抗- Xa活性的检测反应血中低分子量肝素和普通肝素的含量。肝素是一种抗凝剂,抑制血液凝固。肝素分子的分子量大小和活性强度不尽相同。普通肝素包括变化范围较大的分子量,低分子量肝素包括一些变化范围更窄、分子量更小的肝素分子。其中一些低分子量肝素可以应用于临床,而每种之间都有细微差别。当患者出现血栓或血栓前兆时,普通肝素和低分子量肝素都可以通过静脉注射或皮下注射方式输入患者体内。
血栓的形成是机体对于血管和组织损害的正常反应。这一过程包括凝血连锁反应的启动即一系列凝血因子和调节血栓形成蛋白质的激活。有许多种急性或慢性情况,如:外科手术、深静脉血栓和其他凝固性过高的疾病--动、静脉血栓,尤其腿部血栓。这些血栓凝块可以阻塞血流导致受累区域组织损伤。血栓凝块碎片脱落,到达肺部导致肺栓塞;或者到达心脏导致心脏病发作。血栓凝块形成在孕妇体内有时可影响血流达胎儿而导致流产。
肝素通过对蛋白质抗凝血酶作用,加速抑制凝血因子(尤其是Xa 和 IIa)来干扰血栓凝块形成。普通肝素影响Xa 和 IIa,抑制凝血因子活性作用变化很大,必须密切监护。并发症包括:凝血、过度出血和血小板减少症。普通肝素治疗通常在医院内进行并通过活化部分凝血激酶时间(PTT)或抗Xa因子肝素监测。高剂量普通肝素治疗通常在外科手术如心肺分流术中应用,并且通过活化凝血时间(ACT)来监测疗效。低分子量肝素抗 Xa比抗 IIa活性更强,疗效更容易预测。低分子量肝素治疗通常为门诊病人或住院病人,常规治疗不需要监测,如果需要,可以通过抗Xa因子肝素观察疗效。
测试样本如何采集?
自肘静脉采集血液样本。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量?
不需要任何试验前准备。
试验
常见问题
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参考文献
注意:本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中,并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
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