雌激素
快速浏览
为何检测?
当女性出现无法解释的月经周期异常,异常或严重出血,不孕,绝经期征兆,或者其他激素改变时可测定或监测体内雌激素水平;同时可在妊娠早期监测胎儿-胚胎状态;男性出现女性特征表现时也需测定雌激素水平。
何时检测?
当医生考虑就诊者具有激素失衡症状如异常阴道出血,异常和/或过早性器官发育(女性),或者就诊医生需要监测妊娠期间胎儿-胎盘健康状况时可申请检测。
何种样本?
静脉血标本,24小时尿尿标本,或(有时)采集新鲜唾液标本。
检测样本
检测什么?
雌激素是一组促进女性性器官发育和维持女性第二性征的基本激素。虽然雌激素是女性性激素的主要成分,男性体内也能检测到少量雌激素。女性中,卵泡刺激素(FSH;由垂体产生)刺激卵巢中卵子周围的卵泡细胞产生雌激素。当雌激素浓度到达一定水平时,垂体产生黄体生成素(LH)分泌高峰,后者引发卵子释放,开始为受精做准备。雌激素片段有三种主要形式:雌激素酮[E1]、雌二醇[ E2]以及雌激素三醇[ E3]
- 雌激素酮[E1]是绝经期后最主要的雌激素。雌激素酮由肾上腺代谢物质衍生而来,大多数在脂肪组织中生成。
- 雌二醇[ E2]在女性中主要由卵巢生成。男性雌二醇主要由睾丸和肾上腺生成。正常水平的雌二醇维持女性排卵、受孕和妊娠,此外还可维持健康的骨骼结构,调节胆固醇水平。
- 雌激素三醇[ E3]是妊娠过程中主要的雌激素,相当一大部分雌激素三醇由胎盘产生(由胎儿肾上腺和肝脏分泌的前体物质衍化而来)。雌激素三醇浓度在妊娠第八周开始增高,一直持续到分娩前。母亲体内循环血清雌激素三醇可被迅速清除。每次测定仅能反映胎儿-胎盘瞬间情况,同时雌激素三醇水平存在日间变异。
测试样本如何采集?
抽取肘部静脉血,或者医生会要求留取24小时尿液标本。根据检测的需要,医生也可能要求收集新鲜唾液标本于塑料管中,但是唾液标本检测并不常见。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量?
不需要任何准备。
试验
常见问题
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参考文献
注意:本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中,并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
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