蛋白电泳

        蛋白电泳是一种分离血清或尿液中蛋白的方法。免疫固定电泳是一种检测特殊蛋白的方法，通常是免疫球蛋白。

        电泳可以将血清蛋白分成五或六个主要组分。这些组分分别是白蛋白、α1、α2、β、γ。β有时又分成β1和β2。由肝脏合成的白蛋白占血液中蛋白质总量的60％。除了白蛋白之外，其他蛋白被统称为“球蛋白”。免疫球蛋白和补体之外的其他大多数球蛋白也是由肝脏合成的。主要的血浆蛋白及其功能按照各自电泳的分组罗列于蛋白质组的表格中。(注意表格)

        这些蛋白成分通过蛋白电泳来划分，并形成了特征性的模式。在各种不同疾病和情况下，这些模式会发生改变。最重要的例子就是在γ区出现了特异性条带或者单克隆条带。一般情况下，γ区在蛋白染色后是一条没有特异条带出现的平坦图形。而多发性骨髓瘤患者体内，恶性浆细胞的生长和分化不受调控，导致了大量单一类型的免疫球蛋白生成。在电泳凝胶中看到的特征性条带就是这类异常的蛋白质，通过免疫固定可以进行鉴别哪些免疫球蛋白是异常的。

采集手臂静脉血。有时可以用随机尿或24小时尿。

无需特殊检测准备。

疾病: 多发性骨髓瘤, 肾脏疾病, 肝脏疾病

The Electrophoresis Society
University of Utah: Gel Electrophoresis

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