电解质类
快速浏览
为何检测?
检测机体电解质和液体平衡是否出现问题。
何时检测?
常规健康普查的一部分;当医生怀疑您电解质(通常是钾和纳)过剩或不足时;当医生怀疑酸碱平衡失调时。
何种样本?
采自肘静脉的血液样本。
检测样本
检测什么?
电解质是在人体组织和血液中以溶解盐类形式存在的带电荷的矿物质。它们协助将营养物质运送至人体细胞内并将废物运出细胞,维持健康的水平衡及稳定体内pH值水平。电解质组合检测体内主要的电解质:钠离子(Na+)、钾离子(K+)、氯离子(Cl-)和碳酸氢盐(有时候也称为总二氧化碳)。
大部分钠离子存在于细胞外的血浆中,用于调节体内水分总量。钾离子主要存在于细胞内,少量但至关重要的钾离子存在于血浆中—血液的液体成分。监控钾离子的量非常重要。钾离子水平的微小变化即可影响心律和心脏收缩能力。氯离子出入细胞有助于电中性维持,氯离子水平往往能反映出钠离子水平。从肾脏分泌和重吸收的碳酸氢盐(或代表碳酸氢盐的总二氧化碳)的主要功能是保持稳定的pH值水平(酸碱平衡),其次是保持电中性。
从饮食中摄取钠、钾和氯,从肾脏排泄。肺提供氧气,并调节二氧化碳与碳酸氢盐保持平衡。这些化学物质之间的平衡标志着机体的基础功能良好,包括肾脏和心脏所执行的功能。
电解质组合是由钠、钾、氯和碳酸氢盐(或总二氧化碳)的单测试组成的。一个相关的测试是阴离子间隙,通过电解质组合的结果计算出来。发生异常的阴离子间隙是非特定的,但是能指示某些代谢异常如绝食或糖尿病,或存在毒性物质如草酸盐、乙醇酸盐或阿司匹林。
测试样本如何采集?
自肘静脉采集血液样本。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量?
不需要任何试验前准备。
试验
常见问题
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参考文献
注意:本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中,并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
Sources Used in Current Review
Clarke, W. and Dufour, D. R., Editors (2006). Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry. AACC Press, Washington, DC. Pp 333-337.
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(August 14, 2007). MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, Electrolytes. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002350.htm. Accessed May 2008.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
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