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凝血因子


又名: 因子分析、血液凝固因子、凝血因子、或各个因子编号(因子I、因子II等)或名称(纤维蛋白原、凝血酶等)
正式名称: [见下表]

快速浏览

为何检测?

为了确定是否有一个或多个凝血因子的升高、降低或缺乏。

何时检测?

当您有不明原因或长时间的出血、凝血酶原时间 (PT) 或部分凝血活酶时间 (PTT) 检测异常,或与遗传性凝血因子缺乏有关时;当您的医生希望检测因子缺乏的程度和/或治疗效果时需要检测此项目。.

何种样本?

采自肘静脉的血液样本。

是否需要作试验前准备?

不需要。

检测样本

检测什么?

        凝血因子是一组对血液凝固有重要作用的蛋白,当患者有不明原因的出血时,一个可能的原因就是血液中凝血因子水平下降。检测这些因子的水平可帮助医生确定出血的原因和最佳的治疗方案。如果某人有家族性的出血史,也需要进行因子检查。

        大多数情况下,凝血因子的水平是通过检测血液中因子的活性或功能确定的,活性实验可以检测出蛋白水平下降,或蛋白没有正常工作(功能下降),很少会检测凝血因子的抗原水平,凝血因子抗原实验能够说明血液中有多少蛋白,但无法确认其功能是否正常。

        当损伤导致流血时,凝血系统被激活,形成凝块附着在血管上的微孔中,与此同时血液仍然流过血管并防止凝块变得太大。凝血系统由一系列的蛋白组成,这些蛋白一步一步被激活的过程被称为凝血级联反应,最终结果是形成不溶性的纤维蛋白丝,在伤口处连接到成块,并与聚集的血小板碎片形成稳定的血栓。血栓可防止进一步的出血并固定在一处直到受伤区域被封闭。血液凝固是一个动态过程,一旦凝块形成就可激活其他因子,延缓凝固过程并开始血栓的溶解,这个过程称为纤溶。当伤口被封闭后,凝块最终被清除。对于健康人,凝块形成与清除之间的平衡可保证不会继续出血,一旦不再需要凝块的时候凝块就会被清除。

        临床常规检测的有九种凝血因子蛋白(见下表),这些因子用名称或罗马字母表示,有时两者都用。例如,凝血因子II也被称为凝血酶。当一个或多个凝血因子缺乏、生成数量少、或功能不正常时,就会导致过度出血。

凝血因子其他名称
I 纤维蛋白原
II 凝血酶
III
V  
VII  
VIII 抗血友病因子 A
IX 抗血友病因子B
X  
XI  
XIII  

测试样本如何采集?

自肘静脉采集血液样本。

是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量?

不需要任何试验前准备。.

试验

常见问题

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参考文献

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注意:本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中,并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。

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