胆固醇
快速浏览
为何检测？
用于筛查发生心脏病的危险性。
何时检测？
成年人应每5年检测1次，如果接受高胆固醇治疗或有一种或几种心脏病危险因素，应间隔更短时间。儿童和青少年有危险因素，也应检测胆固醇。
何种样本？
从肘静脉或手指采集血液标本。
是否需要作试验前准备？
如果采用脂类组合检测胆固醇，采集标本前需要空腹9-12小时。
检测样本
检测什么？
胆固醇是生命必不可少的物质（一种类固醇），它构成体内所有器官和组织的细胞膜；可用于合成生长、发育和生殖所必需的激素；可合成胆汁酸。体内胆固醇小部分在血循环中以复合物-脂蛋白形式存在。这些脂蛋白可运送过量胆固醇并将其清除(见HDL-C，好胆固醇)、将胆固醇沉积于组织和器官(见 LDL-C，坏胆固醇)。胆固醇试验测量血中脂蛋白携带的总胆固醇（好的和坏的）水平。
机体可合成内源性胆固醇，但是也有部分胆固醇来源于食物。如果有高胆固醇遗传倾向或者食入过多高胆固醇、饱和脂肪酸、反式非饱和脂肪酸食物，血中胆固醇会升高。血中过多胆固醇在血管壁斑块中沉积，斑块使血管狭窄，最终堵塞血管，导致动脉硬化（动脉粥样硬化），增加许多疾病的危险性，包括心脏病和卒中。
监测和维持胆固醇健康水平对于保持健康非常重要。
测试样本如何采集？
多数情况下，从肘臂静脉采集血液标本。有时，指血可检测胆固醇。便携式检测设备可采用指血标本检测胆固醇-如在健康咨询时。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量？
如果单独进行胆固醇检测，无需空腹。经常作为脂类组合一部分，则采集标本前需要空腹9-12小时。
试验
常见问题
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参考文献
注意：本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中，并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
Sources Used in Current Review
American Heart Association. How to Get Your Cholesterol Tested. (Updated April 4, 2008) Available online at http://americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=541 through http://americanheart.org. Accessed July 2008.
Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). May 2001. PDF available for download at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/atp3full.pdf through http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Accessed July 2008.
American Academy of Family Physicians. Cholesterol: What Your Level Means. (Updated October 2007). Available online at http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/heartdisease/risk/029.html through http://familydoctor.org. Accessed July 2008.
Daniels, SR, Greer FR, and the Committee on Nutrition. Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood (clinical report). Jul 2008. Pediatrics 122:198-208.
American Academy of Pediatrics. AAP issues new guidelines on cholesterol screening (press release). 7 Jul 2008. Available online at http://www.aap.org/new/july08lipidscreening.htm through http://www.aap.org. Accessed August 2008.
American Academy of Pediatrics Lipid Screening and Cardiovascular Health in Childhood. Pediatrics Vol. 122 No. 1 July 2008, pp. 198-208. Available online at http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;122/1/198 through http://aappolicy.aappublications.org. Accessed September 2008.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Bethesda, Md. 2001 May. Available online at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/atp3_rpt.htm
