囊肿性纤维化基因突变检测
快速浏览
为何检测?
检测囊肿性纤维化遗传突变以确定CF 基因携带状况或者确定患者囊肿性纤维化的诊断。美国妇产科学会和美国医学遗传学学会推荐当夫妇准备怀孕时或怀孕的早期进行特定基因的筛查。
何时检测?
当新生儿出现胎粪性肠梗阻或当一个人出现囊肿性纤维化症状时(盐汗、持续性呼吸道感染、哮喘、持续性腹泻、多脂性的恶臭粪便、营养不良、维生素缺乏或男性不育症);当一个人出现汗氯化物或免疫反应性胰蛋白酶原(IRT)阳性或与患有CF的人是近亲时;当患者进行产科医生的咨询或进行产前检查或正进行产前筛查实验的咨询并想弄清楚CF基因携带情况时;或者当父母亲均是已知CF基因携带者而进行产前诊断时。
何种样本?
婴儿采自足跟的血、滤纸上的血斑、采自上肢静脉的血标本;口腔拭子或产前标本(羊水或绒毛膜绒毛)也可用于检测。
是否需要作试验前准备?
不需要。
检测样本
检测什么?
囊肿性纤维化突变检测鉴定位于七号染色体上的囊性纤维跨膜转运调节因子(CFTR)基因。体内的每个细胞(除了精子和卵子)均含有46条染色体(23条来自母亲,23条来自父亲)。这些染色体上的基因组成产生控制人体功能蛋白质的蓝本。囊肿性纤维化是由位于七号染色体上的两个拷贝基因均发生突变所引起。如果其中一个拷贝突变则这个人为携带者。携带者不发病,他们通常没有任何囊肿性纤维化症状,但能将异常的CF基因拷贝传递给其子女。迄今已鉴定出超过一千种发生于CFTR基因的的突变,只有很少一部分突变是共同的。在美国引起囊肿性纤维化的主要是由一种被称为deltaF508 (F508)的突变所引起。经美国妇产科学会和医学遗传学学会推荐形成的标准CF基因突变检测组合受到了广泛的采纳。它包括23个最常见的突变(在一般的美国人群中其发生频率高于0.1%)。有些实验室采用扩展的组合,多达97个突变的检测用于特殊人种的少见突变的筛查。绝大数罕见CF突变对单一个体或家庭是“专属”和唯一的。
在CF突变检测中,实验室逐一的检测每条7号染色体上的CFTR基因的23种突变。最初的组合检查如果发现了一个突变,若此个体被怀疑患病时还要进行额外的有关其它少见突变点的检测。
测试样本如何采集?
婴儿采自足跟的血、滤纸上的血斑、或针刺上肢静脉所采的血标本。刮擦内颊的拭子—所谓的口腔拭子,或者产前标本(羊水或绒毛膜绒毛)也可用于检测。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量?
不需要任何试验前准备。
试验
常见问题
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参考文献
注意:本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中,并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
Sources Used in Current Review
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Denise I. Quigley, PhD, FACMG. Co-Director Cytogenetics/Molecular Genetics, Airport Way Regional Laboratory, Portland, OR.
Peter Jacky, PhD, FACMG. Director of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Airport Way Regional Laboratory, Portland, OR.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
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Peter Jacky, PhD, FACMG. Director of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Airport Way Regional Laboratory, Portland, OR.




















