抗磷脂抗体
快速浏览
为何检测？
用于探查异常血栓形成原因及习惯性流产的病因、解释部分凝血活酶时间（PPT）延长原因，也可用于评价抗磷脂抗体综合征。
何时检测？
当您的PPT延长、或反复发生不明原因的静脉或动脉血栓、或有习惯性流产病史（尤其是流产发生于第二及第三孕程），应当进行该检测。
何种样本？
采自肘静脉的血液样本。
检测样本
检测什么？
抗磷脂抗体试验用于检测自身免疫过程中针对自身磷脂所产生的一些特殊的磷脂结合蛋白。磷脂是机体组分之一，可见于细胞膜和血小板，这类脂质分子在血液凝固中有着极重要的作用。抗磷脂抗体会干扰凝血过程，但机制尚不明确，该抗体会使患者发生动脉/静脉血栓的风险增高，进而或会发生中风或心脏病。抗磷脂抗体还与血小板减少及习惯性流产（尤其是发生于第二及第三孕程的流产）、早产和先兆子痫都有关。
自身免疫性疾病如系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）常可有一种或多种抗磷脂抗体产生，该抗体还可见于HIV、某些癌症、老年人、感染中某时段以及用药过程中（如吩噻嗪类、普鲁卡因胺）。
抗磷脂抗体综合征（APS），又称为Hughes 综合征，主要表现为血栓形成、习惯性流产、血小板减少以及一种或多种抗磷脂抗体阳性，该综合征可以是原发性（无潜在的自身免疫性疾病）或继发性（伴随有某种自身免疫性疾病）。
最常见的抗磷脂抗体是抗心磷脂抗体和狼疮抗凝物，其它较为少见，包括抗Ⅰ型β2糖蛋白抗体、抗磷脂酰丝氨酸抗体。用于检测抗磷脂抗体的方法有两类，一是抗心磷脂抗体试验，检测的是抗体本身如IgG,、IgM和/或 IgA，二是狼疮抗凝物试验，检测的是抗体是否能够阻断磷脂。也有试验可以检测患者标本凝固所需的时间，这类试验需要有足够数量的功能健全的磷脂以使血液凝固。狼疮抗凝物系列试验先检测磷脂依赖试验时间是否延长，常用的有PPT，而后需要进行确证试验。
确证试验包括血浆蝰蛇毒时间(RVVT)、血小板中和试验（PNP）、高岭土凝血时间（KCT）和/或六方磷脂中和试验。
测试样本如何采集？
自肘静脉采集血液样本。
是否需要进行任何试验前准备以保证样本的质量？
不需要任何试验前准备。
试验
常见问题
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参考文献
注意：本文是在此处引用的参考文献和医学检验项目在线介绍编辑审核委员会全体成员的经验和研究结果的基础上总结而成。本文由编辑委员会定期审核、更新。任何新引用的文献都会添加到列表中，并且会与原有的参考文献区分开。
Sources Used in Current Review
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Sources Used in Previous Reviews
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